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China’s 600-year-old Forbidden City is renovating its website in a move to improve its offerings of Chinese culture, said the information chief of the Palace Museum Wednesday.

The new website will launch during the National Day Festival in early October, said Hu Chui, head of the museum’s information department.

“It will give visitors richer and easier access to the imperial city, and the ancient building complex with as many as 8,707 rooms and 1.5 million artistic articles,” said Hu, who is leading a team of 60 to boost the museum’s digital display.

The Forbidden City is the world’s largest surviving imperial palace complex and served as the home of the emperor and his household, as well as the ceremonial and political center of Chinese government, from 1420 to the early 20th century.

The new website is restructured to meet the different demands of laymen, researchers and academics, Hu said.

The site will include quiz games, suitable for children, that teach basic knowledge about ancient China. The museum has created a cartoon figure as its image ambassador, a young emperor clad in a bright yellow royal robe adapted from Emperor Kangxi, one of the most famous emperors of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911).

Older visitors can expect tens of thousands of pictures in refined quality with explanatory introductions. And researchers can have access to the museum’s academic research findings in a database.

‘Virtual world’ stages

The new website is part of the imperial palace-turned museum’s effort to move into the virtual world.

Hu’s team is producing seven 3-D documentaries, each a 20- to 30-minute film mixed with real photographs or archival footage, and special effects produced by computer.

A yet-to-open 3-D cinema is in the southwestern corner hall in the yard of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, with black walls and red chairs.

Xu Ying, director of the museum’s exhibition technology section, said the cinema is built of a removable steel structure that minimizes possible damage to the ancient wood architecture of the hall.

“We are recruiting management staff now. Our top problem is to ensure the safety of the palace hall when the audience crowds in,” she said.

Preserving architecture

Qi Xin, technician of the team, admitted this is a difficult task.

“Unlike ordinary museums, the wood construction of the building is the exhibit itself. The preservation is as important as the exhibition,” Qi said.

From April until now, visitors have been able to use electric touch screens to look at details of ancient works of calligraphy and paintings in the imperial collections in the Hall of Martial Valor in the southwestern part of the palace.

On the screens, beside each exhibit, visitors can easily find information about the exhibit in detail and zoom in on high-definition pictures, large enough to discern even tiny strokes.

“It’s wonderful. I could see much clearer this way than pressing my face onto the glass surrounding the exhibits,” said Chen, a near-sighted college sophomore from Jiangsu Province who declined to give his full name. “This is what a museum should be.”

The Forbidden City was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1987 by UNESCO with the largest collection of preserved ancient wooden structures in the world.

Despite more than eight million visitors annually, knowledge of its architecture and antique collections have been largely unknown to the public. Many visitors come to the palace only to boast that they have been in the emperor’s bedroom.

“That’s why we are committed to digital technology. It could make learning more attractive,” said Hu.

Three-dimensional tours

About 200,000 users have registered in the museum’s “Virtual Forbidden City” online travel community or “Beyond Time and Space”, a project which kicked off last October jointly with IBM.

A click of the mouse, and the Chinese cultural beginner can take a three-dimensional tour of the 725,000-sq-m museum.

However, despite many initial registrations, the number of users online is leveling off.

Yang Shuo, a 25-year-old user of the website, said: “It really attracted me at first. But the content is limited. A digital tour takes only 15 minutes. You have few things to do if you log in twice.”

Other users complain that the site is slow in general, and in changing scenes during the 3-D tour.

Guo Weide, manager of corporate citizenship and cooperate affairs for IBM Greater China Group, said: “We hope to make further developments together with the museum.”

IBM produced a similar online museum, “Eternal Egypt,” based on Egypt’s pyramids.

“I’m sure the new website could make up for its shortcomings,” said Hu. “And after all, the digital technology is a supplementary tool that attracts and helps people to understand.”

It is “a great pity” that so many valuable artifacts are unknown to the world, and the new website should help change that, Hu said.

China’s 600-year-old Forbidden City is renovating its website in a move to improve its offerings of Chinese culture, said the information chief of the Palace Museum Wednesday.

The new website will launch during the National Day Festival in early October, said Hu Chui, head of the museum’s information department.

“It will give visitors richer and easier access to the imperial city, and the ancient building complex with as many as 8,707 rooms and 1.5 million artistic articles,” said Hu, who is leading a team of 60 to boost the museum’s digital display.

The Forbidden City is the world’s largest surviving imperial palace complex and served as the home of the emperor and his household, as well as the ceremonial and political center of Chinese government, from 1420 to the early 20th century.

The new website is restructured to meet the different demands of laymen, researchers and academics, Hu said.

The site will include quiz games, suitable for children, that teach basic knowledge about ancient China. The museum has created a cartoon figure as its image ambassador, a young emperor clad in a bright yellow royal robe adapted from Emperor Kangxi, one of the most famous emperors of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911).

Older visitors can expect tens of thousands of pictures in refined quality with explanatory introductions. And researchers can have access to the museum’s academic research findings in a database.

‘Virtual world’ stages

The new website is part of the imperial palace-turned museum’s effort to move into the virtual world.

Hu’s team is producing seven 3-D documentaries, each a 20- to 30-minute film mixed with real photographs or archival footage, and special effects produced by computer.

A yet-to-open 3-D cinema is in the southwestern corner hall in the yard of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, with black walls and red chairs.

Xu Ying, director of the museum’s exhibition technology section, said the cinema is built of a removable steel structure that minimizes possible damage to the ancient wood architecture of the hall.

“We are recruiting management staff now. Our top problem is to ensure the safety of the palace hall when the audience crowds in,” she said.

Preserving architecture

Qi Xin, technician of the team, admitted this is a difficult task.

“Unlike ordinary museums, the wood construction of the building is the exhibit itself. The preservation is as important as the exhibition,” Qi said.

From April until now, visitors have been able to use electric touch screens to look at details of ancient works of calligraphy and paintings in the imperial collections in the Hall of Martial Valor in the southwestern part of the palace.

On the screens, beside each exhibit, visitors can easily find information about the exhibit in detail and zoom in on high-definition pictures, large enough to discern even tiny strokes.

“It’s wonderful. I could see much clearer this way than pressing my face onto the glass surrounding the exhibits,” said Chen, a near-sighted college sophomore from Jiangsu Province who declined to give his full name. “This is what a museum should be.”

The Forbidden City was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1987 by UNESCO with the largest collection of preserved ancient wooden structures in the world.

Despite more than eight million visitors annually, knowledge of its architecture and antique collections have been largely unknown to the public. Many visitors come to the palace only to boast that they have been in the emperor’s bedroom.

“That’s why we are committed to digital technology. It could make learning more attractive,” said Hu.

Three-dimensional tours

About 200,000 users have registered in the museum’s “Virtual Forbidden City” online travel community or “Beyond Time and Space”, a project which kicked off last October jointly with IBM.

A click of the mouse, and the Chinese cultural beginner can take a three-dimensional tour of the 725,000-sq-m museum.

However, despite many initial registrations, the number of users online is leveling off.

Yang Shuo, a 25-year-old user of the website, said: “It really attracted me at first. But the content is limited. A digital tour takes only 15 minutes. You have few things to do if you log in twice.”

Other users complain that the site is slow in general, and in changing scenes during the 3-D tour.

Guo Weide, manager of corporate citizenship and cooperate affairs for IBM Greater China Group, said: “We hope to make further developments together with the museum.”

IBM produced a similar online museum, “Eternal Egypt,” based on Egypt’s pyramids.

“I’m sure the new website could make up for its shortcomings,” said Hu. “And after all, the digital technology is a supplementary tool that attracts and helps people to understand.”

It is “a great pity” that so many valuable artifacts are unknown to the world, and the new website should help change that, Hu said.

Scientists attending the second World Congress on Agroforestry which kicked off in Nairobi on Monday said planting of trees can help reserve the effects of climate change, land degradation and keep drought-hit communities alive when all other food crops fail.

World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Director General Dennis Garrity told Xinhua the African governments should support a local tree-based solution to food shortages and climate change.

“The second World Congress on Agroforestry is critical because of the food and land degradation crisis that Africa is facing and the climate change question,” he said on the sidelines of the international meeting in Nairobi.

“Because trees are playing an important role in addressing all these challenges, we are very happy to bring together this group of experts from around the world to share the latest knowledge on how we can actually adapt agriculture to climate change and land degradation.”

Garrity said the entire world was aware that billions of its population were facing a very serious food crisis and called for placing trees at center of development agenda.

“That is not news to Africa, where the vast majority of its people have faced a food security crisis for many years. The much higher food prices of recent months have exacerbated the pain of hunger in hundreds of millions of households,” Garrity said.

The ICRAF chief said that the fight against hunger, especially in drought-hit times, must target those at the epicentre of world poverty — smallholder farmers in rural Africa.

“African farmers are not producing enough food for their families, not to speak of provisioning the urban markets. Food importation into the continent has been growing relentlessly. And food is getting less and less affordable for the desperately poor,” said Garrity.

He noted that African farmers need support to adopt agro-forestry techniques, which boost soil fertility and provide tree food crops to supplement nutrition.

According to Garrity, the agro-forestry approach can increase self-sufficiency for both rural communities and national economies. It can increase environmental security, diversify livelihood options and reduce the vulnerability of poor households to climate change and external shocks.”

“Fertilizer use is pitifully low in Africa due to high prices and the risks of frequent crop failure in an uncertain climate. Meanwhile, the land is degrading and soil fertility is declining everywhere. The standard solutions, just are not working.”

Garrity said tree geneticists will explain successful processes for domesticating tree species such as rubber, coffee and indigenous fruits.

The Nairobi meeting comes after the World Agroforestry Centre and the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) called for the widespread uptake of “green” agricultural practices that will deliver multiple benefits to the world’s rapidly growing populations–from combating climate change and eradicating poverty to boosting food production and providing sustainable sources of timber.

The two agencies say while farmers in developing countries are one of the world’s largest, most efficient producers of sequestered carbon, to date it has not been possible to calculate or verify how much they are removing from the atmosphere.

“The future of land use across the world faces many stark challenges — food security, land degradation, desperate poverty, climate change and others. But agroforesters have the tools to address many of them in an integrated and practically way,” Garrity said.

Global food production needs to double over the next 40 years if the world’s population is to be fed, according to UN estimates.

Garrity also cited an agroforestry project underway in Malawi, where smallholder farmers are being supported with knowledge about how to plant trees for fertilizer, fruit and fuelwood benefits.

The addition of fuel wood and fruit trees on these farms releases women from having to take timber from the forest, and their children are receiving more vitamins and minerals in their diet.

Agriculture, deforestation and other forms of land use account for nearly one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions.

With just a few months to go until the crucial UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, agricultural and environmental experts agree that all forms of land use should be included in a post-Kyoto climate regime.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates no less than a billion hectares of developing country farmland is suitable for conversion to carbon agroforestry projects.

U.S. President Barack Obama started on Friday a 10-day vacation, briefly breaking off from debates on the country’s health care reform and other key issues.

According to the White House, Obama left the presidential residence in the afternoon aboard a Marine helicopter to Camp David outside the capital with his family and dog, and then they would head on Sunday morning to a vineyard in the eastern state of Massachusetts.

“I think he’s going to spend a decent part of his time relaxing with his family,” White House spokesman Robert Gibbs said at a press briefing. “There are no official events scheduled in the week ahead. I anticipate that he’ll play golf a number of times.”

However, he did not disclose who would play golf with the president, although a report by the Boston Herald said that Tiger Woods would be included.

“I have no idea if he’s going to golf with Tiger Woods,” Gibbs said.

The vacation was considered a retreat from the debates over the Obama administration’s health care policy reform, which have been continuing for months.

But Gibbs said that the president will still continue to “touch base with members of Congress in the House and the Senate on the Finance Committee to check in with them about progress that’s being made.” 　

A jury can decide whether the author of a best-selling book about the death of Playboy playmate Anna Nicole Smith defamed her lawyer by making allegations that may be too outlandish to be true, including that he pimped her to up to 50 men a year, a judge concluded Wednesday.

U.S. District Judge Denny Chin found plenty of reasons to let a jury hear the facts behind a $60 million libel lawsuit brought by lawyer Howard K. Stern against “Blonde Ambition” author Rita Cosby, a veteran television news anchor and “Inside Edition” correspondent. The lawsuit was filed less than a month after the book was published in September 2007.

The judge said the book’s claim that Stern had a sexual relationship with Larry Birkhead, the father of Smith’s daughter, was “nothing short of explosive. Perhaps too explosive.”

“In other words,” he said, “printing a claim that Birkhead and Stern had sex would be a way to make it to the top of the bestseller list, and a reasonable jury could find that Cosby ignored the inherently improbable nature of the statement in her zeal to write a blockbuster book.”

Stern and Birkhead have denied any sexual relationship.

The judge said there was “substantial evidence” to let a reasonable jury find Cosby acted with malice in stating in the book that Smith obtained a videotape of Birkhead and Stern having sex and regularly watched it in front of her nannies.

He noted that Cosby traveled to the Bahamas after Stern filed the lawsuit to try to meet with the nannies and in a conversation with one of their representatives proposed paying the nannies to sign an affidavit supporting the statements attributed to them in the book, which was published by Hachette Book Group USA Inc.

The judge, who dropped the publisher as a defendant, called Cosby’s actions “extremely troubling” and said they “suggest that she was attempting to obstruct justice by tampering with witnesses.”

He said a reasonable jury could conclude that Cosby knew she had fabricated the information about Smith watching the videotape and “was desperate to come up with an after-the-fact verification of one of the more salacious and explosive allegations in the book.”

He also said a jury can decide whether there was malice in the book’s statements that Smith thought Stern was involved in the death of her son and that many people in Smith’s inner circle thought Stern was involved in her death. He tossed out eight of 19 other claims.

Cosby lawyer Elizabeth A. McNamara said she was gratified the judge had dismissed some of the statements at issue in the case and was “fully confident” the jury would dismiss the others once it hears the evidence surrounding Stern’s life with Smith.

Stern, who began doing legal work for Smith in 1997, became romantically involved with her in 2000 but kept the relationship secret until 2006, according to evidence in the case.

Stern attorney L. Lin Wood said his client was “very pleased” with the judge’s decision to let a jury decide whether Cosby defamed him with claims that Smith thought he was involved in her son’s death, that he had pimped her out and that he had engaged in sex with Birkhead.

“Those areas,” Wood said, “were the heart and soul of our complaint.”

The judge also wrote that there was evidence that Cosby made up quotes. He said a jury could conclude that statements in the book that Smith knowingly acted as a prostitute with Stern as her pimp or that Stern drugged her and pimped her to as many as 50 men a year “are so inherently improbable that Cosby was reckless in including them in the book.”

“It will be up to a jury to determine whether this statement is as inherently improbable as it sounds,” he said.

Smith, the 1993 Playmate of the Year, had a successful career as a clothing model before landing her own reality TV show, “The Anna Nicole Show.” The Texas native was found unconscious in a Florida hotel room in 2007 and was declared dead of an accidental overdose of prescription drugs. She was 39.

Smith’s son, Daniel, who was born in 1986, died of an apparent prescription drug overdose in the Bahamas just a few days after Smith gave birth to her daughter, Dannielynn, in 2006.

Cosby, a journalist for more than 20 years, has worked as a correspondent and host for CBS, MSNBC and Fox News. She began covering Smith in 2006.

Hachette, the publisher, offered Cosby an advance of $405,000 plus royalties for “Blonde Ambition: The Untold Story Behind Anna Nicole Smith’s Death, which was an instant best-seller.

The fear on Wall Street is that nervous consumers are going to short-circuit the economic recovery.

Stocks fell sharply Friday, taking the major indexes down about 1 percent, after investors were disappointed by reports that the Reuters/University of Michigan index of consumer sentiment fell significantly short of expectations for the first part of August. That’s a sign consumers may well keep cutting back their spending as they worry about losing their jobs. Consumer spending is crucial for the economy to emerge from recession as it accounts for two-thirds of all U.S. economic activity.

The discouraging reading came a day after the Commerce Department reported an unexpected decline in retail sales. Investors were able to shake that off, but Friday’s consumer sentiment number had them bailing out of stocks, jeopardizing a summer rally that had lifted the Standard & Poor’s 500 index more than 15 percent in about a month. Still, the indexes finished well off their lows of the day, a sign that the mood on Wall Street isn’t all that grim, and light volume likely skewed price changes.

Investors also sold off oil and other commodities and moved their money into the relative safety of the dollar and government bonds. Treasury prices jumped, sending their yields lower, while the dollar rose against other major currencies.

After rallying for months on expectations of an economic recovery, investors are worried that they have been too optimistic, given consumers’ continuing reluctance to spend. Analysts are predicting that the market may be rocky for some time.

“Valuations were beginning to price in a sunnier a future, but not all the data is sunny yet,” said Lawrence Creatura, portfolio manager at Federated Clover Capital Advisors, referring to stock prices. “There is still going to be a tug of war between good news and bad news as we move through the coming months.”

The Dow Jones industrial average fell 76.79, or 0.8 percent, to 9,321.40 after falling as much as 165 points after the consumer sentiment survey was released.

The S&P 500 index fell 8.64, or 0.9 percent, to 1,004.09, while the Nasdaq composite index fell 23.83, or 1.2 percent, to 1,985.52.

The drop erased much of the market’s advance of the last two days, and gave the big indexes their first losing week after four weeks of gains. The Dow was down 0.5 percent for the week, while the S&P 500 index fell 0.6 percent and the Nasdaq was off 0.7 percent.

About five stocks fell for every two that rose Friday on the New York Stock Exchange, where consolidated volume came to a light 5 billion shares, down from 5.3 billion a day earlier. Light volume can exaggerate the market’s movements.

In other trading, the Russell 2000 index of smaller companies fell 11.29, or 2 percent, to 563.90.

Bond prices rose sharply. The yield on the benchmark 10-year Treasury note, which moves opposite its price, fell to 3.57 percent from 3.62 percent late Thursday. The drop in the 10-year yield is good news for consumers because it is closely tied to interest rates on mortgages and other loans.

On the New York Mercantile Exchange, gold and other metals prices fell, while oil prices sank $3.01 to $67.51 a barrel.

Stocks have had a difficult few days, falling in the early part of the week amid anxiety over what the Federal Reserve would say about the economy at the end of a two-day policy meeting. The market turned higher on Wednesday after the Fed reassured investors with a more positive stance on the economy than in the past. The market’s gains spilled over into Thursday.

“This week was a great example of what will likely occur for the rest of the year,” said Greg Reynholds, a vice president at Lenox Advisors. “Day by day, week by week, month by month we’re going to have to try to find direction through this data jungle.”

Investors have sent markets higher this summer encouraged by improvements in housing, manufacturing and corporate profits. But without the support of the consumer, the economy’s recovery is in question.

“I think you’re going to need to see a material stabilization in labor markets before you get meaningful and stable consumer confidence,” said Stephen Wood, chief market strategist at Russell Investments. “And we’re certainly not adding jobs and we’re not even at a point where jobs are no longer being lost.”

Stocks fell across the board Friday, with the biggest losses among financial, energy and material companies — industries that posted some of the biggest gains in recent days. Losses weren’t as steep in more defensive areas like consumer staples and utilities, which tend to hold up better when the economy is weak.

In other economic news Friday, the Labor Department said the Consumer Price Index was flat in July after a slight increase in June. That had little effect on stocks but did help bond prices. Wall Street also shrugged off a report showing a bigger-than-expected increase in industrial production as investors have come to expect an improvement in manufacturing.

Overseas, Asian markets were mostly higher, with Japan’s main index hitting a ten-month high amid mounting optimism about a global economic recovery. The Nikkei stock average rose 0.8 percent.

European markets gave up early gains and finished lower. Britain’s FTSE 100 dropped 0.9 percent, Germany’s DAX index fell 1.7 percent, and France’s CAC-40 lost 0.8 percent.

Indonesia’s industrial output increased at the slowest pace in the second quarter since the start of global financial crisis in September last year, a media said here Friday.

The Jakarta Post reported that out of eight specific product categories monitored by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the wood- and forestry-based products suffered the most, with the value of output contracting by 3 percent in three months, prolonging an earlier 3.6 percent slump in the first quarter.

Its sister product category, paper and printed goods, also grew at a snail’s pace, by 1.4 percent compared with the 10 percent growth recorded in the first quarter.

Among the product categories that saw a steady although minimal acceleration, was base metal iron and steel, with growth inching slightly higher to 3.2 percent after registering a 2.9 percent growth in the first half year. The food and beverages category also grew, 1.42 percent higher than in the first quarter.

With the ninth product category, other types of manufacturing products, contracting by 7 percent in the second quarter, the total output of the manufacturing sector grew by 1.85 percent to 327.7 trillion rupiah (33.1 billion U.S. dollars), relative to the total value in the first quarter.

The industry ministry expects the third quarter to witness an accelerated growth albeit modest.

“The third quarter of this year is expected to see industrial growth of 2.2 percent,” Industry Ministry secretary-general Agus Tjahjana said.

Geta are elevated wooden sandals that are attached to feet with a fabric thong. Worn with a kimono or yukata during summer, the sandals are an essential element of traditional Japanese dress.

These wooden shoes are known as geta. They are worn by Japanese people of all ages. In cities like Kyoto geta are most commonly seen during festivals like the Gion Matsuri.

For three evenings, July 14th, 15th and 16th, traffic is banned from the city center and turned over to pedestrians.

During this period, it is still fashionable for young people to wear summer yukatas and of course the appropriate wooden footwear.

Itochu is a retailer in the city center that has been supplying Kyoto’s residents with geta for over a century. Craftsmen continue to work at both the back and front of the shop, fitting the fabric thongs to the wooden platform in accordance to the size of the customer’s feet.

In the past there were said to be as many as 50 different styles of geta.

The best geta are normally made from paulownia wood. It is light, strong and has a flexibility that means that sandals made of paulownia are comfortable to wear.

Traditionally taka or high geta have been used in restaurants.

One reason for their height was to raise the chef’s lower body from the kitchen floor to protecti against the cold during winter.

The height also protects the chef’s feet from getting wet because their kitchen floors are normally damp.

There is another reason for the design that is perhaps less obvious.

Veteran chef Kurisu Masahiro explains that the height of the wooden slats, known as teeth, that elevate the platform of the geta from the ground, are adjusted according to the height of each chef.

Similar to a set of knives, geta are tools that a chef will use for much of his working life.

As Kurisu explains, the slats in the geta like the fabric thongs can be replaced when they wear down, but the platform can last for decades.

The Building and Wood Workers’ International (BWI) on Friday demanded that the ousted Honduran President Manuel Zelaya be restored to presidency.

The BWI’s representative in Nicaragua, Luis Barboza, said his organization condemned the military coup that toppled Zelaya on June 28.

Barboza, also the secretary general of the Sandinista Central of Workers, a member of the BWI, said in a press conference that he would keep his solidarity with the Honduran union leaders and the oppressed Honduran people to resist the coup till Zelaya resumes office.

Barboza added that they would not allow “coup-mongers” to return Latin American countries to the old military and dictatorial rule.

The BWI, based in Geneva, is an international syndicalism federation including syndicates from construction, wood construction materials, forestry and related sectors.

Restoration of historic “Bund Origin” buildings, including the recently saved Shanghai Rowing Club, has started and is expected to be finished before the 2010 World Expo starts in May, the Shanghai Daily reported Monday.

Construction authorities were quoted by the English newspaper as saying the “Bund Origin” area, regarded as the origin of the Bund and the city, is 170,000 square meters centered on the confluence of the Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek.

The area contains many historic buildings and 14 of them are on the city’s protected buildings list, which means they cannot be torn down.

Scaffolding has been erected outside the buildings to repair damaged parts, and architecture experts have been invited to make restoration plans and help find tiles and wood flooring similar to the original materials.

The buildings will be also developed to improve their function, Pan Yihua, from the Shanghai New Huangpu Real Estate Co Ltd, the developer of the “Bund Origin”, was quoted as saying by the newspaper.

The former British Consulate, built in 1873, will be turned into a public place that can hold major events and art exhibitions. A total of 18,000 square meters of insignificant buildings around the former consulate will be demolished to make a public park on the Bund.

The restored Union Church, built in 1866, is expected to house a local civil affairs department office for issuing marriage certificates.

The church was almost demolished after a big fire in the abandoned building in 2007 but was saved by public protest.

The Shanghai Rowing Club did not originally make the city’s protected buildings list and was earmarked for demolition last month but it was found to have high historical value during the development of the “Bund Origin” project and has been saved.